[分享] 近視眼能治好嗎

　　近些年，關于近視眼手術的新聞層出不窮。很多人為了摘掉眼鏡，選擇去做手術，因為它只需十多分鐘就能幫近視人群重新擁有明亮的雙眸。近視眼能治好嗎?《生命時報》采訪眼科權威專家，為你澄清有關近視眼手術的常見疑問。
　　具備4個條件，才能做近視手術
　　近視是一種常見眼病，對視力影響很大。據國家教育部、原衛生部調查顯示，我國小學生近視率超過25%，初中生近70%，高中生達85%，近視率每年以8%的速度增長，居世界第一位。
　　中國人民解放軍第二炮兵總醫院眼科主任梁歌告訴《生命時報》記者，如今，治療近視最常見的方法就是準分子激光矯正手術(以下簡稱“激光手術”)，但有很多人對這種手術了解甚少，而且存在一些誤區。
　　近視眼是由于眼球前后徑過長，眼角膜太凸，外界光線不能準確匯聚在眼底所致。激光手術治療近視眼，就是利用激光光束，改變角膜前表面的彎曲度，以矯正眼球屈光不正。通俗來講，就是在角膜上“磨”出一副合適的眼鏡，使外界光線能準確地在眼底匯聚成像，達到矯正近視的目的。
　　具備4個條件可做激光手術。并不是說所有得了近視的人都適合做準分子激光矯正手術，主要取決于眼睛的狀態。一般來說，達到4個條件就可以：1.年滿18歲;2.近兩年度數穩定;3.屈光穩定兩年、矯正視力較好、沒有其他眼病;4.經檢查無手術禁忌者。
　　有人認為只有度數高的人做激光手術才有效。其實，從100～3000度的近視、高度近視、遠視合并散光者都可以接受手術，只要視力不是太差，大多數近視患者都可以通過激光手術得到滿意的效果。
　　澄清有關近視手術的8個疑問
　　有數據顯示，中國每年約有150萬近視人群接受近視眼手術，這是否意味著多年后這些人也可能面臨并發癥的痛苦近視眼手術目前有幾種方式
　　目前，主要有兩種近視治療手術：一種是準分子激光手術;另一種是后房型屈光性人工晶體植入手術，也就是人們常說的屈光晶體手術。業內稱屈光晶體手術為“加法手術”，準分子激光手術稱為“減法手術”。
　　屈光晶體手術是指在眼內加入人工晶體，將晶體安放在人眼晶體前安全區，從而達到矯正視力效果的手術。而準分子激光是通過對角膜瓣下基質層進行屈光性切削，降低瞳孔區的角膜曲率，達到矯正近視的目的。這也是目前最常用的方法。
　　近視眼手術成功率多高
　　近視眼手術是否成功，不但要看視力恢復得好不好，還要看視覺質量，包括看遠近、白晝視覺是否舒服，雙眼是否平衡，立體感如何等。 現在近視眼手術能根據病人眼睛的具體情況做個性化切削，所以，總滿意度已達到97%~98%。
　　影響手術成功的原因是什么
　　最讓專業人士擔憂的是，準分子激光手術各地開花，哪里都能做，對于設備、手術人員的監管卻非常薄弱。如最基本的驗光，很多地方沒有專業驗光師，驗不準，機器得到的信息也不準，手術問題可想而知。
　　此外，刀片不按要求更新。上海市眼科質量控制中心每年都對此類手術的設備進行監測，對于一些不負責任的醫療機構一把刀做幾個甚至十幾個患者的情況，市眼科質量控制中心也加強了對手術用刀片的檢查，比如2010年檢查發現個別醫院一個刀片用2~3個病人，2011年所有上海醫療機構都能嚴格執行一把刀只能對一位病人進行操作的規定。
　　手術后是否會出現并發癥
　　并發癥主要是指由手術直接造成的不良影響，主要有以下三種情況：手術后引發的炎癥、術后出現霧狀渾濁、手術后造成圓錐角膜，甚至失明。但這些情況目前都只占極少部分。
　　手術后是否就不會再近視
　　現階段對近視眼的所有手術治療方法都屬于“對癥”治療，而不是“對因”治療，如準分子激光術只能“矯正視力”，而不能“根治”近視。
　　對于高度近視者來說，近視有反復的可能。而且在術后，不注意用眼習慣和用眼衛生，同樣會出現視力再度下降的狀況。
　　如果視力再度下降，以現在的技術是可以再做第二次準分子激光手術的，也可以再戴隱形眼鏡。在美國，就有10%的術后患者佩戴隱形眼鏡。
　　手術前應該注意什么
　　手術前一定要按照醫生的要求做準備，保持眼睛最好的狀態，不要熬夜、放松心情，提前兩周停止佩戴隱形眼鏡，并要求術前三天點抗生素眼藥水。
　　因為正常人結膜囊也有許多細菌等微生物，術前用藥可以大大減少感染的機會。有的病人來了就要做手術，我們只能請他一天多次點抗生素眼藥水，但并不提倡這樣。
　　手術后應該注意什么
　　手術后并非萬事大吉，具體來說需要做好以下幾件事：
　　護眼：術后第一周是關鍵時期，避免揉眼及眼部進水，一周內最好到理發店干洗頭發。
　　點藥：按醫生的要求點藥，術后用藥不當也會影響手術效果。
　　復查：確保遵醫囑復診，尤其要定期復查眼壓，避免激素性青光眼的發生。
　　用眼：傷口愈合需要一個過程，術后會有一段恢復期，所以一周之內應注意休息。一個月之內最好避免長時間高強度用眼。
　　駕車：一個月內盡量減少夜間駕車，白天駕車也應注意。
　　運動：術后一周內，避免劇烈活動時將汗水流入眼中。避免可能會造成對頭部和眼部撞擊的運動項目，尤其是高度近視患者，因其本身的眼底狀態欠佳，更應注意保護。術后40天內禁止游泳。
　　化妝：術后三日內最好不要化妝，以免碰及眼部。兩周內最好不要畫眼線及涂睫毛膏。
　　術后需長期面對電腦，會不會影響術后效果
　　接受準分子手術的患者大多在18周歲以上，近視度數相對穩定，術后面對電腦、電視，一般不會影響手術效果，但也要適當休息，不要過度疲勞。
　　以上就是對近視眼能治好嗎的簡單介紹，多吃各種水果，特別是柑橘類水果，還應多吃綠色蔬菜、糧食、魚和雞蛋。此外，多喝水對減輕眼睛干燥也有幫助。
【攝影教學】一學就會的電影級的打光技巧
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Tragedies continue, but the United States does not have a long memory

In fact, there have been many accidents in large-scale events in the United States in recent years, and there have been many accidents in concerts alone.

In mid-August 2011, at a concert in Indianapolis, USA, the wind blew down the scaffold supporting the stage, killing 5 people and injuring 45 others; at the end of May 2016, a shooting occurred at a concert in New York, USA , Resulting in 3 injuries; only half a month later, the singer who won the final third place in "The Voice of America" ​​was shot to death at the concert...

There was also the sensational Las Vegas shooting. In October 2017, a gunman named "Padock" fired randomly at a concert in Las Vegas, killing 59 people and injuring more than 500 others.

The local police claimed that Paddock continued to fire for 9-11 minutes. Police officers found 23 guns in the hotel room, 12 of which were equipped with bumper stocks, allowing semi-automatic rifles to fire at a high speed at a speed close to fully automatic. .

According to other media reports, Paddock was originally "more ambitious" and wanted to attack the previous large-scale open-air concert called "life is beautiful", but because the nearby hotel was fully booked, he changed his plan. If his plan does not change, I am afraid it will cause more massive casualties...

Paddock fired at the concert from a high building.

However, the relevant departments in the United States did not wake up from these past tragedies.

Shortly before the stampede, a concert was being held in a banquet hall in the northwestern part of Miami-Dade County, Florida, when three people got off a white vehicle and fired at the crowd with rifles and pistols. Two people died on the spot and more than 20 people were injured. The three gunmen then drove away from the scene.

It can be said that Scott's "death concert" is just a microcosm of such chaos in the United States. Behind the chaos, performers, organizers, and related management departments all have unshirkable responsibilities.

Someone once analyzed similar large-scale crisis events from the perspective of criminal psychology, and pointed the finger at the people who stood on stage to perform and guide the audience-the performers on the stage may indirectly encourage the behavior of the audience under the stage through body language.

Specifically, in a concert, there will be a large display screen. If the performer repeatedly looks at and smiles at the audience in a certain area, the audience will react after receiving the induction. In an extremely noisy environment, stomping is A relatively common collective feedback behavior. At this time, if the performer continues to issue "commands", audiences and fans in a certain area may desperately step on it, causing danger.

Scott has repeatedly asked the audience to flip through the railings and rush to the stage at concerts and music festivals: "If you are my true fans, just jump over the railings, come on, turn over!" "I want to party! I want chaos "The green clothes (security guards) are all xx back to me." He also encouraged the audience to join him in pointing the middle finger to the security guards.

For entertainers with long history, the United States is so light and let it go. I am afraid it is a loophole that cannot be ignored. Coupled with the serious gun problem in the United States, it has exacerbated the security risks of holding large-scale events in public places. And the emergency measures after the accident have challenged the bottom line of the American people time and time again.

Countless lives have passed away, countless families are suffering, but "death concerts" are still happening. When will the United States learn to be awed from tragedy?